Consonant | Lip | Tongue | Palate | Throat |
---|---|---|---|---|
Fricative | f /ɸ/ | s /s/ | h /h/ | |
Unvoiced | p /pʰ/ | t /tʰ/ | c /tsʰ/ | k /kʰ/ |
Voiced | b /b/↔/p̚/ | d /d/↔/t̚/ | z /dz/↔/z/ | g /g/↔/k̚/ |
Nasal | m /m/ | n /n/ | l /ɺ/↔/ɫ/ | q /ɴ/ |
Pseudo Consonant | y /j/ | w /w/ |
Vowel | Front | Central | Back |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i /i/ | u /ʊ/ | |
Mid | e /e̞/ | r /ə/ | o /o̞/ |
Open | a /ä/ |
Tone | j /˦˥/ | x /˧/ (omittable) | v /˨˩/ |
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The vocabulary mainly comes from Asian languages such as Mandarin, Cantonese, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, Lao, and Thai.